Phản ứng thành bụng (Guarding)

Mô tả: May be voluntary or involuntary in nature. Voluntary guarding is the conscious contraction of the abdominal musculature usually in response to fear of pain or anxiety. Involuntary guarding is discussed under ‘Rigidity and involuntary guarding’ in this chapter.

Nguyên nhân: Any cause of peritonism: • Inflammation of any visceral organ • Abdominal infection • Bleeding

Cơ chế: In anticipation of pain the patient contracts the abdominal muscles as a protective response.

Ý nghĩa lâm sàng: With a sensitivity of 13–76%, specificity of 56–97% and PLR of 2.6, there is evidence that the finding of guarding is of value in clinical examination.13