A
Absolute risk reduction – ARR, 75 Age-specific mortality rate, 88 Allocation concealment, 47
 
Allocation ratio, 48
Allocation sequence, 46
Alpha error, 91
Alternative Hypothesis, 12 Analysis of variance - ANOVA, 72 Analytical study, 15
Append data, 59
Applicability, 8
Area under ROC curve – AUC, 84
Asssociation, 74
Attack rate, 90
Attributable Risk - AR, 76
Attributable Risk Percent - AR%), 76

B
Background variables, 51
Bar chart, 99
Beta error, 91
Bias, 93
Binary variable, 49
Biostatistics, 64
Blinding, 22
Blocking randomization, 47
Box-and-Whiskers plot, 99

C
Case control study, 16
Case report, 15
Case series, 15
Case-fatality rate, 90
Cause-specific mortality rate, 88
Checklist, 54
Chi-square χ2, 74
 
Clinical trial, 24
Cluster randomized controlled trials, 21
Cluster sampling, 43
Cohen's kappa, 56
Cohort study, 18
Community trial, 24
Concurrence validity, 58
Concurrent cohort, 19 Confidence interval - CI, 69 Confidentiality, 96
Conflict of interest, 96
Confounding, 91
Construct validity, 58
Content validity, 57
Continuous variables, 50
Convenient sampling, 39
Correlation, 77
Correlation coefficient, 77
correlational study, 15
Covergent validity, 57
Cox regression, 80
Criterion validity, 57 Cross sectional study, 16
Cross-over assignment/study, 28
Cross-tabulation table, 97 Crude birth rate - CBR, 90 Crude death rate - CDR, 87 Cumulative incidence, 86
Cumulative incidence proportion, 86
Cumulative incidence risk, 86

D
DALYs, 86
 
Data, 52
Data analysis, 63
Data cleaning, 61
Data processing, 61
Data repository, 59
Data source, 52
Databank, 59
Database, 59
Dependent variable, 51
Descriptive statistics, 64
Descriptive study, 14 Design effect - DE, 37 Detection bias, 95
Deterministic method of allocation, 47
Dichotomous variable, 49 Disability-adjusted life years, 86 Discontinuous variable, 50
Discrete variable, 50
Disproportionate stratified sampling, 44
Double-blind study, 22
Dummy table, 63

E
Ecological fallacy, 95
Ecological study, 15
Effectiveness, 103
Efficacy, 103
Efficiency, 104
Error, 92
Ethics committee - EC, 96
Evaluation research, 31
Evidence, 104
Evidence-based medicine or EBM, 27
 
Excess kurtosis, 68
Exclusion criteria, 35
Experimental study, 21
Exploratory study, 31
External validity, 58

F
Factor analysis, 80
False negative, 81
False positive, 82
Feasibility, 7
Field interviewer, 52
Field supervisor, 52
Follow-up, 27
Frequency distribution table, 97
Frequency matching, 17

G
GANTT chart, 104
General objective, 13
Generalizability, 58
Goal, 12
Grey literature, 9
Group matching, 17

H
Haphazard sampling, 39
Hawthorne effect, 91 Hazard ratio – HR, 80 Health system research, 32 Healthy worker effect, 94
H-index, 106
Histogram chart, 100
 
Historical cohort study, 18
Hypothesis testing, 70

I
Impact evaluation, 32
Implementation research, 30
Incidence, 85
Incidence rate, 85
Inclusion criteria, 35
Independent t-test, 71
Independent variable, 50
Individual matching, 17 Infant mortality rate - IMR, 89 Inferential statistics, 69
Information bias, 94
Informed consent, 96
Institutional review board - IRB, 96 Intention-to-treat analysis - ITT, 79 Interaction, 91
Internal consistency, 56
Internal validity, 58 Interquartile range - IQR, 66 Inter-raters reliability, 56
Interval variable, 50
Interviewer bias, 94
Intraclass correlation coefficient – ICC, 37

J
Journal impact factor – IF, 105
Judgment sampling, 40

K
Kappa coefficient, 56
 
Kruskal-Wallis test, 74
Kurtosis, 67

L
Leptokurtic, 68
Life expectancy, 84
Likert scale, 53
Line chart, 102
Linear regression, 78
Literature review, 9
Logistic regression, 78
Longitudinal study, 27
Loss to follow-up, 94

M
Mann-Whitney U test, 74
Map chart, 103
Masking, 22
Matched pairs, 17
Matching, 17
Maternal mortality, 89
Maternal mortality ratio – MMR, 89
Mean, 64
Measures of central location, 64 Measures of dispersion, 65 Median, 65
Medical records, 55
Medical statistics, 64
Merge data, 60
Mesokurtic, 68
Misclassification bias, 95
Missing data, 61
Mode, 65
 
Mortality rate, 87
Multilevel analysis, 80
Multi-stage sampling, 45
Multivariable analysis, 79

N
Narrative review, 10
Needs assessment, 33
Negative correlation, 77
Negative Likehood Ratio – NLR, 83 Negative Predictive Value - NPV, 82 Negative skewness, 67
Neonatal mortality rate, 88 Nested case-control studies, 20 Nominal categorical data, 49 Nonconcurrent cohort, 18
Non-parametric tests, 73
Non-probability sampling, 39
Non-response rate, 55
Normal distribution, 68
Novelty, 7
Null hypothesis, 12
Number needed to treat – NNT, 75

O
Observational study, 14 Odds ratio - OR, 75 One-tailed test, 70
Open access, 106
Open trial, 23
Ordinal variable, 49
Out of range, 61
Outcome evaluation, 31
 
Outcome variable, 51
Outlier, 62
Output variable, 51

P
p value, 70
Paired t-test, 72
Parallel assignment/design, 29
Parametric tests, 71
Participation bias, 93
Peer review, 105
Peer-reviewed journal, 105 Per protocol analysis - PP, 78 Phase I trial, 25
Phase II trial, 25 Phase III trial, 25 Phase IV trial, 25 Pie chart, 98
Platykurtic, 68
Poisson regression, 78
Policy brief, 105
Polyline, 101
Population Attributable Risk - PAR, 76 Population Attributable Risk %, 76 Positive correlation, 77
Positive Likehood Ratio – PLR, 83 Positive Predictive Value - PPV, 82 Positive skewness, 67
Power, 37
Prevalence, 85
Prevalence rate, 85
Primary data, 52
Principal component analysis – PCA, 80
 
Principal investigator - PI, 105
Probability proportional to size– PPS – sampling, 42
Probability sampling, 40
Process evaluation, 31
Program evaluation, 31
Propensity score matching-PSM, 17
Proportion, 81
Proportionate stratified random sampling, 44
Prospective cohort, 19
Purposive sampling, 40

Q
QALYs, 86
Qualitative variable, 49
Quality assurance, 56
Quality-adjusted life years, 86
Quantitative variable, 50
Quasi-experimental, 24
Questionnaire, 53
Quota sampling, 39

R
Race-specific mortality rate, 88
Random error, 93
Randomization, 46
Randomized controlled trials - RCTs, 21
Range, 65
Rapid assessment, 33
Rate, 81
Ratio, 81
Ratio variable, 50
Raw data, 59
Recall bias, 94
 
Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve, 83
Refusal rate, 55
Regression, 77
Regression coefficient, 78
Relative risk, 74
Relative risk reduction – RRR, 75
Relevance, 8
Reliability, 56
Repeatablity, 56
Repeated ANOVA, 73
Reporting bias, 95
Representative sample, 35
Representativeness, 58
Research ethics, 96
Research gap, 9
Research proposal, 105
Research protocol, 33
Research question, 12
Response bias, 93
Response rate, 36
Retrospective study, 18 Risk difference – RD, 74 Risk ratio – RR, 74 ROC curve, 83
Rosenthal effect, 91
R-square, 78

S
Sample, 34
Sample size, 36
Sample size formula/equation, 36
Sampling, 38
Sampling frame, 34
 
Sampling unit, 34
Scatter, 102
Scientific publications, 105 Secondary attack rate, 90 Secondary data, 52
Selection bias, 93
Sensitivity, 84
Sex-specific mortality rate, 88
Sign test, 73
Simple random sampling, 41 Simple Randomization, 46 Single group design, 28 Single-blind study, 22
Skewness, 67
Snowball sampling, 40
Specific objective, 13
Specificity, 84 Stacked bar chart, 100 Standard deviation, 66
Standard error, 69
Standard normal distribution, 69
Statistical significance, 70
Statistics, 63
Stepped wedge design, 29 Stratified random sampling, 44 Structured interview, 53
Study participant/subject/respondent, 36
Study population, 34
Survival analysis, 80
Systematic error, 93
Systematic random sampling, 41
Systematic review, 10
 
T
Test-retest reliability, 56 Total fertility rate, 87 Triple-blind study, 23
True negative, 81
True positive, 82
T-test, 71
Two-by-two table, 98
Two-tailed test, 71
Tỷ suất tử vong đặc trưng theo giới tính, 88
Type I error, 91
Type II error, 91

U
Under-five mortality rate, 89
Univariate analysis, 79
Unpaired t-test, 71
Urgency, 7

V
Validity, 84
Variable, 49
Variance, 66
Vertification bias, 93

W
Wilcoxon signed rank test, 73

Y
Years lived with disability, 87
Years of life lost due to premature mortality, 86
Years of Potential Life Lost, 87
YLD, 87
 
YLL, 86
YPLL, 87