Prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease from persons of general health screening in Medic Binh Duong General Hospital

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular problem. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and association of risk factors for asymptomatic PAD from persons of general health screening in Medic Binh Duong General Hospital. Materials and Methods: This observational transverse field study was carried out from May 2024 to October 2024 on medicine out-patient department of Medic Binh Duong General Hospital, 270 known under general health screening were recruited. Subjects having previous vascular heart disease, having diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. They underwent thorough assessment for general, symptomatic, medical history and risk factor screening that included gender, age, smoking, family history, obesy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, new onset diabetes mellitus. Blood Pressure and ABI was measured by Boso ABI System 100 PWV instrument of Germany. PAD was defined when an ABI of 0.9 or less and Borderline PAD was defined as an ABI 0.90 to 0.99, was found in one or both legs, All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS ver. 20.0. Results: A total of 270 participants were included with 111 men (41.1%) and 159 women (58.9%). PAD was detected in 15 (5.6%). Borderline ABI showed in 63 (23.3%). Significant risk factors for PAD with univariate analysis were old age (odd ratio, 3.77; P= 0.001), hypertension (odd ratio, 1.54; P = 0.01), hyperlipidemia (odd ratio, 1.43; P = 0.02), smoking (odd ratio, 2.65; P = 0.02), and diabetes mellitus (odd ratio, 2.04; P = 0.05). Significant risk factors for PAD with multivariate analysis were old age (odd ratio, 0.26; P = 0.04), hypertension (odd ratio, 0.14; P = 0.02), and hyperlipidemia (odd ratio, 0.2; P = 0.04). Conclusion: The prevalence for asymptomatic PAD from persons of general health screening was 5.6%, the prevalence of borderline PAD was 23.3%. Old age, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for PAD (ABI ≤ 0.90). ABI measurement should be routinely performed as a screening test in patients with cardiovascular risk factor for CVD prevention. DOI: 10.59715/pntjmp.4.3.17